Required textbooks:

• Edmund Husserl, Logical Investigations, vol. I
• Martin Kusch, Psychologism
• Candace Vogler, Reasonably Vicious
• Ludwig Wittgenstein, Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics (rev. ed.)

Further readings will be made available over the course of the semester.

1. Aug. 25. Introduction: Optional pre-reading: R. Lanier Anderson, "Synthesis, Cognitive Normativity, and the Meaning of Kant's Question, 'How Are Synthetic Cognitions A Priori Possible?'", pp. 288f (from the beginning of section 4 thru the last full paragraph on p. 289; on-line reserve; part 1; part 2).

2. Sept. 1. The Gears of the Mind: Psychologism in Practical Reasoning. Michael Smith, "The Humean Theory of Motivation", secs. 1, 5-7. (This is a JSTOR link -- you need to access it on-campus.) Kim Sterelny, Thought in a Hostile World, pp. 6-7, 29, ch. 5. (On reserve in the Philosophy Department, and online.)

   Optional reading: G. E. M. Anscombe, Intention, sec. 32. (On reserve in the Philosophy Department, and online.)

3. Sept. 8. Bounded Rationality. Christopher Cherniak, "Computational Complexity and the Universal Acceptance of Logic", introductory section, secs. 1, 3, 4 (thru p. 746), 7; paragraph bridging pp. 755f, and the 2nd para. on p. 757. (This is a JSTOR link; it may be easier to read the other bits of the paper too, for continuity.) Quine, Word and Object, p. 58, last paragraph. (On reserve in the Philosophy Department, and online.) Herbert Simon, Models of Man, chs. 14-15. (On reserve in the Philosophy Department, and online.) Cliff Landesman, "When to Terminate a Charitable Trust?" (On reserve in the Philosophy Department, and online.) Gerd Gigerenzer et al., Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart, pp. 3-72.

   Optional reading: Herbert Simon, "Theories of Decision-Making in Economics and Behavioral Science". (On reserve in the Philosophy Department, and online.) John Conlisk, "Why Bounded Rationality?" Donald Davidson, "The Method of Truth in Metaphysics", sec. 1 (on reserve in the Philosophy Department, and online); "A Coherence Theory of Truth and Knowledge", p. 149, 1st full para. (on reserve in the Philosophy Department, and online). Garey and Johnson, Computers and Intractability, chs. 1-2 (on reserve in the Philosophy Department).

4. Sept. 15. I. Leaps and Bounds. Bendor, Diermeier and Ting, "A Behavioral Model of Turnout" (on reserve in the Philosophy Department and online.). II. The Revolution Against Psychologism (I). Kusch, ch. 1; Husserl, pp. 11-55.

   Optional reading: While you're thinking about writing your paper, you might want to bear in mind Orwell's discussion of the pitfalls of political (and incidentally philosophical) writing: "Politics and the English Language". You'll have noticed that the how-(not)-to-write-your-paper handout recommends that you stay away from words like "objective"; if you're interested in why words like it are such a minefield, Heather Douglas, "The Irreducible Complexity of Objectivity" is a survey of some of the many things that "objectivity" has been used to mean.)

5. Sept. 22. The Revolution Against Psychologism (II). Frege, "Thoughts" (on reserve in the Philosophy Department and online); Frege, Foundations of Arithmetic, pp. 33 (start at top) to 38 (online); Frege, The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, pp. 12-25 (online); "Illustrative Extracts from Frege's Review of Husserl's Philosophie der Arithmetik" (online); Husserl, LI, chs. 5-6. Kusch, chs. 3-4.

6. Sept. 29. The Revolution (III). Husserl, LI, chs. 7-10. Demarcating Logic. Ian Hacking, "What Is Logic?" (online), secs. 1-7, 9-10, 12, 17-18. Alfred Tarski, "On the Concept of Logical Consequence" (online; also on reserve in the Philosophy Department); Quine, "Logical Truth" (online; chs. 4-5, chs. 6-7; read thru ch. 5. sec. "Set Theory in Sheep's Clothing"; also last section of ch. 5; also on reserve in the Philosophy Department).

   Optional reading: George Boolos, "On Second-Order Logic" (online); Quine, ch. 6; Christopher Peacocke, "What Is a Logical Constant? (online).

7. Oct. 6. Anti-Psychologism About Practical Reasoning. Vogler, Reasonably Vicious, Intro, chs. 1-3.

   Psychologism in Descartes. Optional reading: Lex Newman, "Circumventing Cartesian Circles".

8. Oct. 13. The Threefold Way. Anti-Psychologism about Pleasure. Vogler, Reasonably Vicious, through ch. 6.

   Optional reading: Anselm Mueller, "How Theoretical Is Practical Reason?" (on reserve in the Philosophy Department). Vogler, "Anscombe on Practical Inference" (in Millgram, Varieties of Practical Reasoning). Richard Feldman, "Naturalized Epistemology".

9. Oct. 20. The Asymmetry Thesis. Vogler, Reasonably Vicious, chs. 7-8.

   Was Frege Fair to Mill? Optional reading: J. S. Mill, System of Logic, Book III, ch. 24, sec. 5 (online); Frege, Foundations of Arithmetic, pp. 6-17 (online).

10. Oct. 27. Feeling Bloory. Kusch, chs. 2, 5-8. Vogler: Internalism without Psychologism? Bernard Williams, "Internal and External Reasons"; "Replies" (in World, Mind, and Ethics), pp. 186-194 (both on reserve in the Philosophy Department).

    Optional reading: John Robertson, "Internalism, Practical Reason, and Motivation". Williams, "Internal Reasons and the Obscurity of Blame" (both on reserve in the Philosophy Department). Christine Korsgaard, "Skepticism about Practical Reason" (online).

11. Nov. 3. Another Anti-Psychologistic Action-Theoretic Approach. Tamar Schapiro, "Three Conceptions of Action in Moral Theory" (on reserve in the Philosophy Department). Optional reading: Rawls, "Two Concepts of Rules" (online).

    Does Logic Evolve? Optional reading: Reserve TS. Further optional reading: Stephen Downes, "Truth, Selection and Scientific Inquiry".

12. Nov. 10. The Myth of Thompson. Michael Thompson, "Naive Action Theory" (on reserve in the Philosophy Department). Optional further reading: Wilfrid Sellars, "Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind" (in Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol. I (1956): 253-329).

    A Psychologistic Action-Theoretic Approach. Christine Korsgaard, "Self-Constitution in the Ethics of Plato and Kant" (on reserve in the Philosophy Department).

    Optional reading: RFM, Part VI. Biologism in the Background? Thompson, "The Representation of Life" (on reserve in the Philosophy Department).

13. Nov. 17. Logical Aliens. David Cerbone, "How to do Things with Wood"; RFM, Part I (through Appendix I); pay special attention to 1-6, 37-38, 143-163, 325-330; also RFM III: 46; RFM VI: 49. (Make sure you have the "revised edition" of the Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics.)

    Optional reading: RFM, Part IV. Philosophical Investigations, sec. 18; Philip K. Dick, Our Friends from Frolix 8 (available in Marriott, not on reserve).

14. Nov. 24. The New Wittgenstein. RFM, Part III. Jim Conant, "Throwing Away the Top of Ladder."

    Optional reading: Ian Proops, "The New Wittgenstein: A Critique" (online).

OUTLINES DUE NOV. 30.

15. Dec. 1. Gestalt Psychologism? RFM, Part V.

    Optional reading: de Groot, Thought and Choice in Chess (on reserve in Marriott).

16. Dec. 8. Did Philosophy Take Two Wrong Turns? Lanier Anderson, "Neo-Kantianism and the Roots of Anti-Psychologism" (on reserve in the Philosophy Department).

    Logical Aliens Among Us. Optional reading: RFM, Part II. Very optional further reading: Ian Hacking, The Emergence of Probability; Robert Nozick, "Newcomb's Problem and Two Principles of Choice" in Nozick, Socratic Puzzles.